References

Hyperlinks

http://Vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html

http://Vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Projects/Deformation/summary.html

http://Vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/DecadeVolcanoes/framework.html

http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes

http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/Solid_Earth/Volcanoes/

http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/

http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/hcv.html

http://www.dartmouth.edu/~volcano/

http://skye.gsfc.nasa.gov/

http://www.gns.cri.nz/hazardwatch/latest

Select some of these references to support the online course content. Contact your home teacher for any materials not held in your campus library.

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Bárdarson, H.R., 1971. Ice and fire. H. Bárdarson, Reykjavík, Iceland.

Blong, R.J. 1984. Volcanic hazards, a sourcebook on the effects of eruptions. Academic Press, Sydney: 424pp.

Bryant, E. 1990. Natural Hazards. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Heiser, V. 1936. An American doctor's odyssey. Norton and Co., New York.

Neall, V.E. 1996. Hydrological disasters associated with volcanoes. in: Singh V.P. (Ed.) Hydrology of disasters. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht: pp. 395-425.

PHIVOLCS, 1991. Pinatubo volcano wakes from 4 century slumber. PHIVOLCS, Manila: 36pp.

PHIVOLCS-DOST, 1995. Primer and Field guide for the international field workshop on Pinatubo lahars and watershed processes. Angeles City, Philippines.

Pierson, T.C., Janda, R.J., Thouret, J.C., and Borrero, C.A. 1990. Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilisation, flow and deposition of lahars. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research 41: 17-66.

Pierson, T.C., Janda, R.J., Umbal, J.V. and Daag, A.S. 1992. Immediate and long-term hazards from lahars and excess sedimentation in rivers draining Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources investigation Report 92-4039: 37pp.

Stearns, H.T. 1925. The explosive phase of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin Volcanologique 5 and 6: 1-16.

Taylor, G.A.M., 1958. The 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington, Papua. Bureau of Mineral Resources of Australia Bulletin 38.

Thorarinsson, S. 1958. The Öraefajökull eruption of 1362. Acta naturalia islandica 2: 1-99.

Tilling, R.I. 1989. introduction and overview. in Tilling, R.I. (Ed.) Volcanic hazards. American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C.: pp. 1-8.

Voight, B. 1990. The 1985 Nevado del Ruiz volcano catastrophe: anatomy and retrospection. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research 41: 349-386.

Wilcoxon, K. 1966. Volcanoes. Cassel, London.

Will, J. 1902. Report on the medical relief expeditions to Martinique and St. Vincent in aid of the sufferers from the volcanic eruptions. in: HMSO, 1903. Further correspondence relating to the volcanic eruptions in St. Vincent and Martinique in 1902 and 1903. His Majesty's Stationery Office.

US Geological Survey information leaflet

Alaska Volcanic Observatory Staff. 1990. The 1989-1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano. EOS, Trans. American Geophysical Union 71 (13 February): 265-75.

Alexander, D. (1993). Natural Disasters. UCL Press. London.

Axelrod, D.I. 1981. Role of volcanism in climate and evolution. Geological Society of America Special Paper 185.

Bullard, F.M. 1984. Volcanoes of the earth. 2nd ed. Austin, Texas.: University of Texas Press.

Crandell, D.R. 1980. Recent eruptive history of Mt. Hood, Oregon, and potential hazards from future eruptions. U.S. Geological Survey Buletin 1492: 81 pp.

Crandell, D.R., Booth, B., Kazumadinata, K., Shimozuru, D., Walker, G.P.L., and Westercamp, D. 1984. Sourcebook for hazards zonation. UNESCO, Paris.

Crandell, D.R. and Hobblit, 1986. Lateral blasts at Mt. St. Helens and hazard zonation. Bulletin of Volcanology 48: 27-37.

Crandell, D.R., and Mullineaux, D.R. 1978. Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mt. St. Helens volcano, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1383-C.

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Fisher, Heiken and Hulen 1997: Volcanoes. Princeton University Press.

Foxworthy, B.L., and Hill, M. 1982. Volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens: The first 100 days. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1249.

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Geological Museum 1977. Volcanoes. Institute of Geological Sciences, HMSO, London: 36 pp.

Grove, N. 1992. Volcanoes: Crucibles of creation. National Geographic 173 (December): 5-41.

Hobbs, W.H. 1906. The grand eruption of Vesuvius in 1906. Journal of Geology 14: 636-655.

Houghton, B.F., Latter, J.H., and Frogatt, P.C. 1988. Volcanic hazard in New Zealand. Geological Society of New Zealand Miscellaneous Publication 41d.

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences. Volcanoes: Mt Ruapehu and New Zealand Volcanology. CD-Rom.

Johnson, R.W. 1988. Volcanic hazards and aviation. In: Proceedings of Kagoshima International Conference on Volcanoes. National Institute for Research Advancement, Tokyo, Japan: pp. 662-665.

Kasumadinata, K. 1984. Indonesia. In: Crandell, D.R., Booth, B., Kazumadinata, K., Shimozuru, D., Walker, G.P.L., and Westercamp, D. (Eds.) Source-book for hazards zonation. UNESCO, Paris: pp. 55-60.

Leus, X., Kintanar, C., and Bowman, V. 1981. Asthmatic bronchitis associated with a volcanic eruption in St. Vincent, West Indies. Disasters 5: 67-69.

Martinelli, B. 1991. Understanding triggering mechanisms of volcanoes for hazard evaluation. Episodes 14: 19-25.

Maso, M.S. 1911. The eruption of Taal Volcano, January 30, 1911. Department of the Interior, Weather Bureau, Manila.

McGuire, Kilburn and Murray (Eds.). Monitoring active volcanoes. UCL Press, 1995.

McGuire, W.J., Jones, A.P., and Neuberg, J. (Eds.) 1996. Volcano instability on the Earth and other planets. Geological Society Special Publication No. 110.

Miller, C.D. 1980. Potential hazards from future eruptions in the vicinity of Mount Shasta volcano, northern California. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1503: 43 pp.

Murck, B.W., Skinner, B.J., Porter, S.C. (1997). Dangerous Earth. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.

Neall, V.E., and Alloway, B.V. 1993. Volcanic hazards at Egmont volcano. Ministry of Civil Defence Volcanic Hazards Information Series 1 (2^nd Edition): 32 pp.

Pinatubo Volcano Observatory Team. 1991. Lessons from a major eruption: Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. EOS, Trans. American Geophysical Union 72 (3 December): 545-55.

Rampino, M.R., and Self, S. 1984. The atmospheric effects of El Chichon. Scientific American 250 (January): 48-57.

Robinson, A. (1993). Earth Shock . Thames and Hudson. London.

Saarinen, T.F., and Sell, J.L. 1985. Warning and response to Mount St. Helens eruption. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Saito, K., Taniguchi, N., Kumashiro, M., Sasaki, T., Sato, Y., Takakuwa, E., Murao, M., Osaki, J., and Abe, S. 1978. Effect of the 1977 eruption of Usu volcano on human living environment and health. Usu eruption and its impact on environment, Hokkaido University: 169-206.

Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Shipley, S., Waitt, R.B., Dzurisin, D., and Wood, S.H. 1981. Areal distribution, thickness, mass, volume and grain size of air-fall ash from the six major eruptions of 1980. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1250: 577-600.

Scarpa and Tilling, 1996: Monitoring and mitigation of volcano hazards. Springer.

Scott, W.E. 1989. Volcanic-hazards zonation and long-term forecasts. In: Tilling, R.I. (Ed.) Volcanic hazards. American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C.: pp. 25-49.

Simkin, T., and Siebert, L. 1983. Explosive eruptions in space and time: Durations, intervals and a comparison of the worlds active volcanic belts. In: Explosive volcanism: inception, evolution and hazards. National Academy Press, Washington D.C.: pp. 110-121.

Simkin, T., Siebert, L., McClelland, L., Bridge, D., Newhall, C., and latter, J.H. 1981. Volcanoes of the world. Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, P.A.

Sisson, T.W. 1995. Volcano hazards fact sheet: History and hazards of Mount Rainier, Washington. USGS open-file report 95-642.
http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Rainier/Hazards/OFR95-642/framework.html

The Mount Pinatubo Eruption: effects on climate and atmosphere. NATO ASI series I: Global Environmental Change. 1996. ISBN 3-540-61281-5.

Tilling, R.I. (Ed.) 1988. How volcanoes work. A collection of readings from the Journal of Geophysical Research. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union.

Tyson, P. 1996. Under the volcano. Technology Review 41 (January): 40-47.

UNDRO, 1985. Volcanic emergency management. United Nations, New York.

Volcanoes and the earth's interior. 1983. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. (A selection of readings from Scientific American, 1975-82.)

Weintraub, B. (1982). The Disaster of El Chich¢n. National Geographic . Vol. 162, No.5.

Williams, R.S. Jr., and Moore, J.G. 1973. Iceland chills a lava flow. Geotimes 18 (August): 14-17.

Wolfe, E., and Pierson, T., 1995: Volcanic-hazard zonation for Mount St, Helens, Washington. USGS Open-File Report 95-497.

Walker, Redmayne and Browit, 1992: Seismic monitoring of Lake Nyos, Cameron, following the gas release disaster of 1986, In McHall et al. (Eds.), 1992. Geohazards. Chapman and Hall.

Further References to the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo Eruption:

Arboleta, R.A., Martinez, M.L. 1996. 1992 lahars in the Pasi-Potrero River System. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Bautista, C.B. 1996. The Mount Pinatubo disaster and the people of central Luzon. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Booth, W. 1991. Philippine volcano dust cloud temporarily cools earth. Episodes 14: 360-361.

Booth, W. 1991. Pinatubo exerts global influence - Obscure volcano wraps earth in gaseous veil that promises shaded planet, vivid sunsets. Episodes 14: 362-363.

Janda, R.J., Daag, A.S., Delos Reyes, P.J., Newhall, C.G., Pierson, T.C., Punongbayan, R.S., Rodolfo, K.S., Solidum, R.U. and Umbal, J.V. 1996. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Marcial, S.S. and Melosnatos, A.A. 1996. instrumental monitoring at Mount Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Martinez, M.L., Arboleta, R.A., Delos Reyes, P.J., Gabinete, E. 1996. Observations of 1992 lahars along the Sacobia-Bambam River system. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Mercado, R.A., Bertram, J., Lacsamana, T., Pineda, G.L. 1996. Socio-economic impacts of the Mount Pinatubo eruption. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Newhall, C.G., Daag, A.S., Delfin, F.G., Hoblitt, R.P., McGeehin, J., Pallister, J.S., Regalado, M.T.M., Rubin, M., Tubianosa, B., Tamayo, R.A. and Umbal, J.V. 1996. Eruptive history of Mt. Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Palladio-Melosantos, M.L., Solidum, R., Scott, W.E., Quiambao, R.B., Umbal, J.V., Rodolfo, K.S., Tubianosa, B.S. and Delos Reyes, P.J. 1996. Tephra falls of the 1991 eruptions of Mount Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Pierson, T.C., Daag, A.S., Delos reyes, P.J., Regalado, M.T.M., Solidum, R., and Tubianosa, B.S. 1996. Flow and deposition of posteruption hot lahars on the east side of Mount Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Pierson, T.C., Janda, R.J., Thouret, J.C., and Burrero, C.A. 1990. Perturbation and melting of snow and ice by the 13 November 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia, and consequent mobilisation, flow and deposition of lahars. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research 41: 17-66.

Rodolfo, K.S., Umbal, J.V., Alonso, R.A., Remotigue, C.T., Paladio, M.L., Salvador, J.H.G., Evangelista, D., Miller, Y. 1996. Pinatubo, Philippines: initiation, flow processes, deposits and attendant geomorphic and hydraulic changes. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Scott, K.M., Janda, R.J., de la Cruz, E., Gabinete, E., Eto, I., Isada, M., Sexon, M., Hadley, K.H. 1996. Channel and sedimentation responses to large volumes of 1991 volcanic deposits on the east flank of Mount Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Scott, W.E., Hoblitt, R.P., Torres, R.C., Self, S., Martinez, M.L. and Nilos, T. 1996. Pyroclastic flows of the June 15, 1991, climatic eruption of Mount Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Torres, R.C., Self, S., Martinez, M.L. 1996. Secondary pyroclastic flows from the June 15, 1991, ignimbrite of Mount Pinatubo. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.

Umbal, J.V., Rodolfo, K.S. 1996. The 1991 lahars of southwestern Mount Pinatubo and evolution of the lahar-dammed Mapanuepe Lake. In: Newhall, C.G., Punongbayan, R.S. (Eds.) Fire and Mud: eruptions and lahars of Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines. PHILVOLCS, Quezon City and University of Washington Press, Seattle: 1126 pp.