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Figure 14. Earthquakes have their major effect on buildings with low resonance, i.e. short squat buildings or buildings with stiff lateral resistance (upper sketch). The lower graph of spectrum curves shows the responses of three structures with different resonances. For buildings with resonance below that representing the upper cutoff of the curves (0.3 seconds) the response is that of a rigid structure, with virtually no flexing. Structures with slightly higher resonance have a slightly reduced effect, as the building will deform. Damping will act to reduce the magnitude of the response.
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